Surveying technology name | Civil engineering types | Materials | Performance indicators | Full description |
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Acoustic Emission techniques (AE) | Bridge Tunnel Viaduct Building | Steel Composite Technical ceramic Concrete Polymer | Displacement Cracks Deformation Wire breaks Delamination Rupture Reinforment bar failure and bending Debonding Holes Loss of section | Acoustic Emission techniques (AE) description |
Aerial UAV with optical payloads | | | | Aerial UAV with optical payloads description |
Fibre optic sensors | Bridge Tunnel | Steel Composite Wood Concrete Reinforced Concrete | Displacement Cracks Deformation Wire breaks Delamination Tensioning force deficiency Rupture Stirrup rupture Obstruction and impeding Debonding Holes Loss of section Deteriorated mortar joints | Fibre optic sensors description |
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) | Bridge Tunnel Viaduct | Rock Wood Concrete Reinforced Concrete Brick Stone | Spalling Cracks Delamination Reinforcement bar corrosion Debonding Holes Loss of section | Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) description |
Guided Waves Propagation (GW) techniques | Bridge Viaduct | Steel Composite Concrete Polymer Glass fibres | Spalling Displacement Cracks Wire breaks Delamination Tensioning force deficiency Vibration and oscillation Frequency Stirrup rupture Obstruction and impeding Reinforment bar failure and bending Debonding Holes Loss of section | Guided Waves Propagation (GW) techniques description |
Light Detection And Ranging or Laser Imaging Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) | Bridge Tunnel Viaduct Building | Steel Wood Concrete Glass Forest and other vegetation Environment in general Stone | Spalling Displacement Cracks Deformation Crushing Rupture Holes | Light Detection And Ranging or Laser Imaging Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) description |
Magnetic and electrical methods | Bridge Tunnel | Steel Concrete Ferromagnetic material Polymer Coating Reinforced Concrete Silicate | Cracks Delamination Reinforment bar failure and bending Loss of section | Magnetic and electrical methods description |
Mechanical tests on cored samples | Bridge Tunnel Viaduct | Steel Composite Alloy Concrete Metal Polymer Nanocomposite Silicate | Displacement Cracks Deformation Wire breaks Delamination Tensioning force deficiency Rupture Prestressing cable Stirrup rupture Obstruction and impeding Reinforment bar failure and bending Debonding Holes Loss of section | Mechanical tests on cored samples description |
Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) - Accelerometers | Bridge Building | | Prestressing cable failure Tensioning force deficiency Vibration and oscillation Frequency Reinforment bar failure and bending Loss of section | Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) - Accelerometers description |
Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) - Clinometers | Bridge Tunnel | | Deformation Reinforment bar failure and bending Loss of section | Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) - Clinometers description |
Optical and visual testing - Boroscopy and Endoscopy | Bridge Tunnel Viaduct Building | Steel Composite Technical ceramic Concrete Polymer | Cracks Deformation Rupture Obstruction and impeding Holes | Optical and visual testing - Boroscopy and Endoscopy description |
Qualitative chemical methods | Bridge Tunnel Viaduct | Building lime Technical ceramic Concrete Gravel Ferroalloy Aggregate Slag Cement Pigment | Spalling Displacement Cracks Delamination Reinforcement bar corrosion Obstruction and impeding Debonding Loss of section | Qualitative chemical methods description |
Quantitative chemical methods | Bridge Viaduct | Composite Technical ceramic Concrete Biomolecules Polymer Reinforced Concrete Nanomaterials | Spalling Displacement Cracks Obstruction and impeding Debonding Loss of section | Quantitative chemical methods description |
Radiological and nuclear methods | Bridge Tunnel | Steel Composite Technical ceramic Wood Concrete Metal Polymer Reinforced Concrete | Displacement Cracks Deformation Delamination Rupture Debonding Loss of section Deteriorated mortar joints | Radiological and nuclear methods description |
Satellite remote sensing | Bridge Tunnel Viaduct Building | Environment in general | Displacement Cracks Deformation Crushing Rupture Obstruction and impeding Debonding Holes | Satellite remote sensing description |
Surface measurements | Bridge Tunnel Viaduct | Steel Rock Mortar Composite Concrete Sand Paper | Displacement Cracks Deformation Tensioning force deficiency Rupture Reinforment bar failure and bending Debonding Holes Loss of section | Surface measurements description |
Water penetration test - Permeability test | Bridge Tunnel Building | Composite Wood Concrete Polymer Reinforced Concrete | Displacement Cracks Deformation Wire breaks Tensioning force deficiency Rupture Holes Loss of section | Water penetration test - Permeability test description |
Water resistance - Absorption test | Bridge Tunnel Viaduct | Concrete Polymer Aggregate Brick Paper | Spalling Cracks | Water resistance - Absorption test description |
Weight In Motion systems (WIM) | Bridge Tunnel Viaduct | Steel Concrete | Overloading | Weight In Motion systems (WIM) description |