Surveying technologies overview

This page displays a list of all surveying technologies available. Click on the link of a surveying technology for further details.

Surveying technology name	Civil engineering types	Materials	Performance indicators
Acoustic Emission techniques (AE)	Bridge Tunnel Viaduct Building	Steel Composite Technical ceramic Concrete Polymer	Displacement Cracks Deformation Wire breaks Delamination Rupture Reinforment bar failure and bending Debonding Holes Loss of section
Aerial UAV with optical payloads
Fibre optic sensors	Bridge Tunnel	Steel Composite Wood Concrete Reinforced Concrete	Displacement Cracks Deformation Wire breaks Delamination Tensioning force deficiency Rupture Stirrup rupture Obstruction and impeding Debonding Holes Loss of section Deteriorated mortar joints
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)	Bridge Tunnel Viaduct	Rock Wood Concrete Reinforced Concrete Brick Stone	Spalling Cracks Delamination Reinforcement bar corrosion Debonding Holes Loss of section
Guided Waves Propagation (GW) techniques	Bridge Viaduct	Steel Composite Concrete Polymer Glass fibres	Spalling Displacement Cracks Wire breaks Delamination Tensioning force deficiency Vibration and oscillation Frequency Stirrup rupture Obstruction and impeding Reinforment bar failure and bending Debonding Holes Loss of section
Light Detection And Ranging or Laser Imaging Detection And Ranging (LiDAR)	Bridge Tunnel Viaduct Building	Steel Wood Concrete Glass Forest and other vegetation Environment in general Stone	Spalling Displacement Cracks Deformation Crushing Rupture Holes
Magnetic and electrical methods	Bridge Tunnel	Steel Concrete Ferromagnetic material Polymer Coating Reinforced Concrete Silicate	Cracks Delamination Reinforment bar failure and bending Loss of section
Mechanical tests on cored samples	Bridge Tunnel Viaduct	Steel Composite Alloy Concrete Metal Polymer Nanocomposite Silicate	Displacement Cracks Deformation Wire breaks Delamination Tensioning force deficiency Rupture Prestressing cable Stirrup rupture Obstruction and impeding Reinforment bar failure and bending Debonding Holes Loss of section
Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) - Accelerometers	Bridge Building		Prestressing cable failure Tensioning force deficiency Vibration and oscillation Frequency Reinforment bar failure and bending Loss of section
Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) - Clinometers	Bridge Tunnel		Deformation Reinforment bar failure and bending Loss of section
Optical and visual testing - Boroscopy and Endoscopy	Bridge Tunnel Viaduct Building	Steel Composite Technical ceramic Concrete Polymer	Cracks Deformation Rupture Obstruction and impeding Holes
Qualitative chemical methods	Bridge Tunnel Viaduct	Building lime Technical ceramic Concrete Gravel Ferroalloy Aggregate Slag Cement Pigment	Spalling Displacement Cracks Delamination Reinforcement bar corrosion Obstruction and impeding Debonding Loss of section
Quantitative chemical methods	Bridge Viaduct	Composite Technical ceramic Concrete Biomolecules Polymer Reinforced Concrete Nanomaterials	Spalling Displacement Cracks Obstruction and impeding Debonding Loss of section
Radiological and nuclear methods	Bridge Tunnel	Steel Composite Technical ceramic Wood Concrete Metal Polymer Reinforced Concrete	Displacement Cracks Deformation Delamination Rupture Debonding Loss of section Deteriorated mortar joints
Satellite remote sensing	Bridge Tunnel Viaduct Building	Environment in general	Displacement Cracks Deformation Crushing Rupture Obstruction and impeding Debonding Holes
Surface measurements	Bridge Tunnel Viaduct	Steel Rock Mortar Composite Concrete Sand Paper	Displacement Cracks Deformation Tensioning force deficiency Rupture Reinforment bar failure and bending Debonding Holes Loss of section
Water penetration test - Permeability test	Bridge Tunnel Building	Composite Wood Concrete Polymer Reinforced Concrete	Displacement Cracks Deformation Wire breaks Tensioning force deficiency Rupture Holes Loss of section
Water resistance - Absorption test	Bridge Tunnel Viaduct	Concrete Polymer Aggregate Brick Paper	Spalling Cracks
Weight In Motion systems (WIM)	Bridge Tunnel Viaduct	Steel Concrete	Overloading